HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a standard markup language used for creating web pages and applications. It provides a set of tags or elements that define the structure and content of a webpage. HTML documents consist of a hierarchy of nested elements, and these elements are enclosed in angle brackets (< >).
HTML is the backbone of the World Wide Web, as it allows developers to define the structure and layout of web pages. It provides a way to mark up text, images, links, forms, and other elements to create a cohesive and interactive user experience.
HTML documents start with a DOCTYPE declaration, which specifies the version of HTML being used. The declaration helps browsers understand the document type and render it correctly. For example, HTML5 DOCTYPE is defined as <!DOCTYPE html>, which tells the browser to interpret the document as HTML5.
The root element of an HTML document is the <html> tag. It contains all other elements of the document and serves as the container for the entire webpage. Inside the <html> tag, we have the <head> and <body> tags.
The <head> element contains metadata about the document, such as the title, character encoding, and links to external stylesheets or scripts. The <title> tag sets the title of the webpage, which is displayed in the browser's title bar or tab. Metadata elements provide important information for search engines, accessibility tools, and other automated systems.
The <body> the element contains the visible content of the webpage. It can include various elements that structure and organize the content. These elements include headings (<h1> to <h6>), paragraphs (<p>), lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>), tables (<table>, <tr>, <th>, <td>), forms (<form>, <input>, <select>, <button>), images (<img>), links (<a>), and more. Each element serves a specific purpose and helps define the semantics of the content.
HTML elements can have attributes, which provide additional information about the element. Attributes are specified within the opening tag and are used to modify the behavior or appearance of an element. For example, the <a> tag uses the href attribute to specify the URL of the link. The <img> tag uses the src attribute to specify the image source.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) can be used in conjunction with HTML to control the presentation and layout of elements. CSS rules can be included in a separate stylesheet or embedded directly into the HTML document using the <style> tag. CSS allows developers to change colors, fonts, sizes, positioning, and other visual aspects of the webpage. It separates the content from its presentation, allowing for easier maintenance and flexibility.
HTML supports the creation of interactive forms for collecting user input. The <form> element is used to encapsulate a set of form controls, such as text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdown menus, and submit buttons. When a user submits a form, the data entered can be sent to a server for further processing using various protocols, such as HTTP.
Hyperlinks are an integral part of HTML. The <a> tag is used to create links to other web pages, and sections within the same page (using anchor tags <a href="#section-id">), email addresses, or other resources. Links provide navigation and help users explore different parts of a website. They can also be styled using CSS to change their appearance and behavior.
HTML has evolved over time, with the latest version being HTML5. HTML5 introduced new elements and features for better semantic markup, multimedia integration (video and audio), canvas for drawing, local storage, geolocation, and more.
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